Clinical impact of proteinuria and blood pressure variability on long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention

Fig. 1. Study flow diagram. CAD, coronary artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; DES, drug-eluting stent; BPV, blood pressure variability; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Fig. 2. Distribution of SBP variability indices according to dipstick proteinuria severity. (A) SD of SBP, (B) ARV of SBP, (C) CV of SBP, and (D) average follow-up SBP. ARV, average real variability; BPV, blood pressure variability; CV, coefficient of variation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.

Fig. 3. Kaplan–Meier curves for the cumulative incidence of adverse clinical outcomes according to combined proteinuria and BPV status. (A) NACE, (B) MACCE, and (C) major bleeding. BPV, blood pressure variability; NACE, net adverse clinical events; MACCE, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.

Fig. 4. Time-dependent ROC curves for 5-year NACE according to different predictive models. Model 1 included the clinical variables of age, sex, body mass index, presentation with myocardial infarction, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, previous percutaneous coronary intervention, previous stroke, left ventricular ejection fraction, troponin-I, estimated glomerular filtration rate, multivessel disease, and use of anticoagulants, statins, angiotensin blockades, β-blockers, and average SBP during the follow-up. Model 2 included the variables in Model 1 plus proteinuria. Model 3 included the variables in Model 2 plus SBP variability. NACE was defined as a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, revascularization, or major bleeding. AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; NACE, net adverse clinical events; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SBP, systolic blood pressure.