Why the study?
Differences in sex and Western diet type complicate comparisons between studies analyzing the translational impact of diet-induced obesity on perivascular adipose tissue and vascular dysfunction.
Does a high-fat or high-fat/high-sucrose diet impair PVAT modulation of vascular function in male and female mice?
Does a high-fat or high-fat/high-sucrose diet impair PVAT modulation of vascular function in male and female mice?
The addition of sucrose to a high-fat diet accelerates perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction, with female mice showing earlier susceptibility to obesity-induced vascular complications than males.
Highlights earlier diet-induced PVAT dysfunction in female mice; leaves open applicability to human cardiovascular risk by sex.
Increased adiposity in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been related to vascular dysfunction. High-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity models are often used to analyze the translational impact of obesity, but differences in sex and Western diet type complicate comparisons between studies. The role of PVAT was investigated in small mesenteric arteries (SMAs) of male and female mice fed a HF or a HF plus high-sucrose (HF + HS) diet for 3 or 5 months and compared them to age/sex-matched mice fed a chow diet. Vascular responses of SMAs without (PVAT-) or with PVAT (PVAT+) were evaluated. HF and HF + HS diets increased body weight, adiposity, and fasting glucose and insulin levels without affecting blood pressure and circulating adiponectin levels in both sexes. HF or HF + HS diet impaired PVAT anticontractile effects in SMAs from females but not males. PVAT-mediated endothelial dysfunction in SMAs from female mice after 3 months of a HF + HS diet, whereas in males, this effect was observed only after 5 months of HF + HS diet. However, PVAT did not impact acetylcholine-induced relaxation in SMAs from both sexes fed HF diet. The findings suggest that the addition of sucrose to a HF diet accelerates PVAT dysfunction in both sexes. PVAT dysfunction in response to both diets was observed early in females compared to age-matched males suggesting a susceptibility of the female sex to PVAT-mediated vascular complications in the setting of obesity. The data illustrate the importance of the duration and composition of obesogenic diets for investigating sex-specific treatments and pharmacological targets for obesity-induced vascular complications.
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Victório et al. (2021) studied this question.
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