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March 3, 2026Physiological ReportsOpen Access

PVAT-conditioned media from HFD female but not male rats impaired acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in mesenteric arteries, and PVAT from HFD female rats had higher CD68 expression and acetyl-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio than PVAT from NCD female rats.

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Why the study?

High-fat diet may disproportionately affect cardiovascular risk in women, but the sex-specific effects of high-fat diet on perivascular adipose tissue-mediated vascular dysfunction remained unclear.

Does a high-fat diet cause sex-specific PVAT-mediated vascular dysfunction in rats?

Population

Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats

Comparison

Normal chow diet vs high-fat diet

Design

Preclinical animal study

Follow-up

16 weeks

Authors

GSGurneet S. SanghaRSRyan M. SappCWCallie M. Weber

Discussion

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Overview

May explain heightened CV risk in females on high-fat diets; hypothesis-generating and requires human translational studies.

Key Points

  • HFD impaired acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in mesenteric arteries from female rats, highlighting potential sex differences.
  • CD68 expression was higher in PVAT from HFD female rats compared to NCD female rats, indicating inflammation.
  • Assessment included measuring PVAT adipokines and inflammatory markers after 16 weeks of diet exposure in rats.
  • This highlights the cardiovascular risks for women due to diet-induced changes in vascular function.

Structured PICO

Does a high-fat diet cause sex-specific PVAT-mediated vascular dysfunction in rats?

P
Population
Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats
I
Intervention
High-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks
C
Comparator
Normal chow diet (NCD) for 16 weeks
O
Outcome
Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in mesenteric arteries exposed to PVAT-conditioned mediasurrogate

A high-fat diet causes greater PVAT-induced impairment in vasodilation in female rats compared to male rats, suggesting a mechanism for heightened cardiovascular risk in females consuming a high-fat diet.

Cite This Study

Sangha et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a75d07c6e9836116a26702https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70746
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Sex‐specific characterization of aortic function and inflammation in a new diet‐induced mouse model of metabolic syndrome2025 · 6 citations
  2. 2Male and female high-fat diet-fed Dahl SS rats are largely protected from vascular dysfunctions: PVAT contributions reveal sex differences2021 · 31 citations
  3. 3Effects of High-Fat and High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Obesity on PVAT Modulation of Vascular Function in Male and Female Mice2021 · 30 citations
  4. 4Abstract TH302: Biomechanical Analysis of Adiposity-Driven Hypertension: The Role of PVAT and Sex Differences in Dahl-SS Rats2025
  5. 5Sex-specific effects of a high fat diet on aortic inflammation and dysfunction2023 · 13 citations