What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess the risk of tunnel construction deformation under hydraulic parameter variability.

May 6, 2026Applied SciencesOpen Access

Risk Assessment of Tunnel Construction Deformation Under Spatial Variation in Hydraulic Parameters

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Statistical analyses find groundwater flow increases maximum settlement in tunnel construction, suggesting significant hydraulic risks.

To assess the risk of tunnel construction deformation under hydraulic parameter variability.
Conducted statistical analyses of site investigation and monitoring data.
Developed a fluid–solid hydro-mechanical coupled numerical model using ABAQUS.
Utilized a stochastic finite element framework based on random field theory.
Evaluated failure probability and reliability indices under varying settlement thresholds.
Groundwater flow increased maximum surface settlement from 3.18 cm to 3.58 cm.
Under a 40 mm settlement control threshold, failure probability decreased from 24.21% to 1.01% with increased vertical correlation length.
Established an engineering-oriented risk assessment framework with lognormal distribution confirmed.

Jiang et al. (2026) studied this question.

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