Predictors of unfavorable progression and prognosis in patients with heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common form of heart failure (HF) worldwide and is characterized by a severe course, poor prognosis, and limited effective treatments. To date, there are no reliable prognostic algorithms to identify high-risk patients, and prognostic significance has been determined only for generally accepted clinical and standard resting echocardiographic parameters. The discovery of independent predictors of poor prognosis/severe course of HFpEF is important for determining individual treatment tactics for such patients.The article provides a review of studies devoted to determining clinical, biochemical and hemodynamic predictors of unfavorable progression and prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Significance of assessing of these predictors for determining prognosis and choosing optimal treatment for patients with HFpEF is shown. Directions for further research were identified: identifying phenotypes of HFpEF, developing personalized therapy, construction of prognostic models to identify high-risk patients who require more careful monitoring and/or more intensive drug treatment.