Key result
The D allele of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 7.85) and hypertension (OR 8.17) in a Saudi Arabian population.
Why the study?
Is the ACE I/D gene polymorphism associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a Saudi Arabian population?
Case-Control (n=220)
No
Is the ACE I/D gene polymorphism associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a Saudi Arabian population?
Effect estimate: OR 7.85 (95% CI 3.90-15.78)
Absolute Event Rate: 70% vs 22.9%
p-value: p=<0.0001
The ID/DD genotype and the D allele of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the Saudi Arabian population.
Hypothesis-generating for ACE I/D risk in Saudis; prospective validation required before clinical adoption.
The link between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) developing in the Saudi Arabian population remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the ACE I/D gene polymorphism and the risk of developing T2DM and hypertension (HTN) in Saudi Arabian individuals. A total of 220 individuals consisting of 48 control subjects, 70 T2DM, 48 HTN, and 54 T2DM with HTN patients were recruited. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction initially and mistyping of the DD genotypes was conducted with an insertion-specific primer. The genotyping frequency for the II, ID and DD polymorphism of the ACE gene was 6.8, 42.6 and 48.6% in T2DM patients, 4.2, 50 and 45.8% in HTN patients, 5.6, 55.5 and 38.9% in T2DM patients with HTN and 58.3, 37.5 and 4.2% in control subjects, respectively. The frequency for the D allele was 70% in T2DM patients, 70.8% in HTN patients and 66.7% in T2DM patients with HTN as compared with 22.9% in the control subjects. The genotype and allele frequency of the ACE gene polymorphism varied significantly (P<0.05) in the patients when compared with the control subjects. The current study demonstrated that the ID/DD genotype and the D allele of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism were strongly associated with the risk of T2DM and HTN developing in a Saudi Arabian population.
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Alsaikhan et al. (2017) conducted a case-control in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension (n=220). ACE gene I/D polymorphism (D allele) vs. Healthy controls (I allele) was evaluated on Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with the D allele (OR 7.85, 95% CI 3.90-15.78, p=<0.0001). The D allele of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 7.85) and hypertension (OR 8.17) in a Saudi Arabian population.
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