Key result
A 6-week high-saturated-fat diet increased circulating ACE concentrations by 15% (P=1.6×10−30), an effect that was 2-fold higher in homozygous carriers of the ACE rs4343 polymorphism.
Why the study?
Does a high-saturated-fat diet increase circulating ACE concentrations in healthy nonobese individuals, and is this effect modified by the ACE rs4343 polymorphism?
Does a high-saturated-fat diet increase circulating ACE concentrations in healthy nonobese individuals, and is this effect modified by the ACE rs4343 polymorphism?
A high-saturated-fat diet increases circulating ACE levels, an effect strongly amplified in individuals with the GG genotype of the ACE rs4343 polymorphism, linking dietary fat to hypertension risk.
High-saturated-fat intake was associated with elevated circulating ACE, amplified in rs4343 GG carriers; hypothesis-generating for diet-gene effects on hypertension risk.
Background Angiotensin‐converting enzyme ( ACE ) plays a major role in blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis. Contrary to the assumption that ACE levels are stable, circulating ACE has been shown to be altered in obesity and weight loss. We sought to examine effects of a high‐saturated‐fat ( HF ) diet on ACE within the NU triGenomic Analysis in Twins ( NUGAT ) study. Methods and Results Forty‐six healthy and nonobese twin pairs initially consumed a carbohydrate‐rich, low‐fat diet over a period of 6 weeks to standardize for nutritional behavior prior to the study, followed by 6 weeks of HF diet under isocaloric conditions. After 6 weeks of HF diet, circulating ACE concentrations increased by 15% ( P =1.6×10 −30 ), accompanied by an increased ACE gene expression in adipose tissue ( P =3.8×10 −6 ). Stratification by ACE rs4343, a proxy for the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism (I/D), revealed that homozygous carriers ( GG ) of the variant had higher baseline ACE concentrations ( P =7.5×10 −8 ) and additionally showed a 2‐fold increase in ACE concentrations in response to the HF diet as compared to non‐ or heterozygous carriers ( AA / AG , P =2×10 −6 ). GG carriers also responded with higher systolic blood pressure as compared to AA / AG carriers ( P= 0.008). The strong gene‐diet interaction was confirmed in a second independent, cross‐sectional cohort, the Metabolic Syndrome Berlin Potsdam (MeSyBePo) study. Conclusions The HF ‐diet‐induced increase of ACE serum concentrations reveals ACE to be a potential molecular link between dietary fat intake and hypertension and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ). The GG genotype of the ACE rs4343 polymorphism represents a robust nutrigenetic marker for an unfavorable response to high‐saturated‐fat diets. Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 01631123.
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Schüler et al. (2017) studied Healthy and nonobese (n=92). High-saturated-fat diet vs. Carbohydrate-rich, low-fat diet was evaluated on Circulating ACE concentrations (p=1.6×10−30). A 6-week high-saturated-fat diet increased circulating ACE concentrations by 15% (P=1.6×10−30), an effect that was 2-fold higher in homozygous carriers of the ACE rs4343 polymorphism.
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