Cold pressor‐induced sympathetic activation blunts the femoral but not carotid artery vascular responsiveness

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Experimental design. CPT, cold pressor test; PLM, passive leg movement.

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  FIGURE 2. (a) Contralateral (Contra) and (b) Ipsilateral (Ipsi) carotid blood flow (cBF) as a function of time, (c) delta peak, and (d) delta area under the curve (AUC); (e) contralateral and (f) ipsilateral carotid vascular conductance (cVC) as a function of time, (g) delta peak, and (h) delta AUC in response to passive leg movement (PLM) at rest and during the cold pressor test (CPT). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test for panels (a) and (d); Student's paired t‐test for panels (b), (c), (e), and (f); p < 0.05; Significant results for ANOVA are highlighted in bold; † vs. baseline at PLM; § vs. baseline at CPT + PLM; * vs. PLM; n = 13 for ipsilateral cBF and cVC data; n = 9 for contralateral cBF data; n = 7 for contralateral cVC data.

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  FIGURE 3. Femoral blood flow (fBF) (a) as a function of time, (b) delta peak, and (c) delta area under the curve (AUC); and femoral vascular conductance (fVC), (d) as a function of time, (e) delta peak, and (f) delta AUC in response to passive leg movement (PLM) at rest and during the cold pressor test (CPT). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test for panels (a) and (d); Student's paired t‐test for panels (b), (c), (e), and (f); p < 0.05; Significant results for ANOVA are highlighted in bold; † vs. baseline at PLM; § vs. baseline at CPT + PLM; * vs. PLM; n = 13.

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  FIGURE 4. Heart rate (HR) (a) as a function of time, (b) delta peak, and (c) delta area under the curve (AUC); and mean arterial pressure (MAP), (d) as a function of time, (e) delta peak, and (f) delta AUC in response to passive leg movement (PLM) at rest and during the cold pressor test (CPT). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test for panels (a) and (d); Student's paired t‐test for panels (b), (c), (e), and (f); p < 0.05; Significant results for ANOVA are highlighted in bold; † vs. baseline at PLM; § vs. baseline at CPT + PLM; n = 13.

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  FIGURE 5. Stroke volume (SV) (a) as a function of time, (b) delta peak, and (c) delta area under the curve (AUC); and cardiac output (CO), (d) as a function of time, (e) delta peak, and (f) delta AUC in response to passive leg movement (PLM) at rest and during the cold pressor test (CPT). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test for panels (a) and (d); Student's paired t‐test for panels (b), (c), (e), and (f); p < 0.05; n = 13.