Actin removal from cardiac myocytes shows that near Z line titin attaches to actin while under tension

The I band of cardiac sarcomeres contains both actin and titin/connectin filaments. Earlier work has suggested that titin binds to actin in situ. This interaction must be weak in the region of the I band where titin behaves elastically. On the other hand, titin may bind strongly to actin in the approximately 100-nm-wide region adjoining the Z line, where titin has been found to be inelastic. To study the putative interaction between titin and actin, techniques for selective removal of actin from different regions of the I band are needed. Here we report studies with a gelsolin fragment (FX-45) and extract actin from rat cardiac myocytes. Actin extraction was biphasic: the majority of actin was extracted in approximately 10 min, whereas actin near the Z line (where titin is inelastic) required a approximately 10-fold longer extraction time. Thus, by controlling the extraction time, we could remove either the full actin filament outside the Z line or just the segment of the actin filament that extends beyond the inelastic region of titin that adjoins the Z line. The actin filament-free I band contained titin filaments, typically with one filament extending from each thick filament. In addition, we observed a dark transverse line (junction line), the location of which in the sarcomere varied linearly with sarcomere length. The position in the sarcomere of the junction line coincided with the binding site of the anti-titin antibody 9D10. Actin removal significantly affected the slack sarcomere length. Slack sarcomere length was 1.85 +/- 0.04 microns in control cells and decreased to 1.71 +/- 0.05 microns after actin near the Z line was extracted. This length reduction may be caused by contraction of the titin segment that becomes exposed after actin removal near the Z line, indicating that titin is not only attached to the actin filament but is also under tension.