Key result
Weight loss of 7.1% at 1 year and 4.1% at 2 years achieved by either a low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet did not significantly improve endothelial function.
Why the study?
Does weight loss via a low-carbohydrate diet compared to a low-fat diet improve flow mediated vasodilatation in obese subjects?
Cohort (n=121)
Does weight loss via a low-carbohydrate diet compared to a low-fat diet improve flow mediated vasodilatation in obese subjects?
Weight loss achieved by either low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets over 2 years does not significantly improve endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated vasodilatation in obese individuals.
Weight loss via low-carb or low-fat diets may not improve endothelial function in obesity; leaves open whether alternative approaches or longer follow-up alter vascular outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: The effect of weight loss on obesity-associated endothelial dysfunction is not clear because of conflicting data, demonstrating both improvement and no change in endothelial function after weight loss in obese subjects. A 2-year prospective study (n = 121) was conducted to examine: (1) the effect of obesity and weight loss (either a low-carbohydrate or and low-fat diet) on flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD), a measure of endothelial function. DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants reduced body weight by 7.1% ± 4.4%, 8.7% ± 6.8%, 7.1% ± 7.8%, and 4.1% ± 7.7% at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively with no significant differences between the low-fat and low-carbohydrate groups. RESULTS: Endothelial function was inversely correlated with waist circumference, triglyceride level, and directly correlated with leptin in obese persons prior to weight loss. These weight losses did not confer any improvements in FMD. There were no differences between the low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets in FMD at any time point. At 6 months (r = 0.26, P = 0.04) and 1 year (r =0.28, P = 0.03), there were positive correlations between change in FMD and change in leptin but not at 2 years. CONCLUSION: There was no significant improvement in endothelial function after 7.1% ± 7.8% weight loss at 1 year and 4.1% ± 7.7% at 2 years, achieved by either a low carbohydrate or a low fat diet.
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Mohler et al. (2013) conducted a cohort in Obesity (n=121). Low-carbohydrate diet vs. Low-fat diet was evaluated on Flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD). Weight loss of 7.1% at 1 year and 4.1% at 2 years achieved by either a low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet did not significantly improve endothelial function.
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