Prevalence, distribution and epidemiological risk factors of foot-and-mouth disease among the cattle population of Bangladesh: A meta-analysis

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease turned into an endemic in Bangladesh causing prodigious impairment to the nation’s economy and livestock population. For further usage, developing a detailed summary of the disease condition in Bangladesh is imperative. Hence, this study identified the prevalence of FMD among cattle populations accompanying by potential risk factors and climatic variables. Using the Jamvoi 1.2.27 software, the authors analysed 30 studies for estimating the random model effect function. Based on the meta-analysis, the overall pooled prevalence of FMD was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15-35%). The research professed a significant difference between the prevalence rate of males (33%, CI: 22-45%) and females (26%, CI: 14-39%). Moreover, the study reported a noteworthy line of the tendency for the increasing rate of prevalence in adult and old animals than in young individuals. Furthermore, the results showed high prevalence rates in dry season compared to wet season. Thus, this study will permit the government to implement an immediate control program. Moreover, each data gathered will help the prevention of FMD.