Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Haemodynamic Explanation of Exertional Dyspnoea

345 patients from a single centre tertiary Japanese hospital who were being evaluated for exertional dyspnoea, divided into patients defined as having HFpEF (n = 166), and controls (n = 179) who did not reach diagnostic criteria for HFpEF nor pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Non-invasive exercise evaluation using echocardiography to assess pulmonary pressures and cardiac output (CO) slope

Controls (n = 179) who did not reach diagnostic criteria for HFpEF nor pulmonary arterial hypertension

Composite outcomes of all-cause mortality or heart failure eventscomposite