Population
Isolated guinea pig papillary muscles
Design
Preclinical
Follow-up
1-3 min
Authors
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High-intensity shocks warrant caution in device settings; leaves open whether sodium channel blockade mitigates clinical proarrhythmia.
High-intensity DC shocks induce arrhythmogenic responses in ventricular muscle likely via electroporation and sodium channel-dependent mechanisms.
Kodama et al. (1994) studied this question.
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