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August 16, 2026Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Integrated assessment of clothianidin toxicity in Allium cepa L.

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Authors

HYHüseyin YılmazEYEmine YalçınKÇKültiğin Çavuşoğlu

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Overview

Toxicological study demonstrates dose-dependent genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Allium cepa exposed to clothianidin, indicating ecological risks for non-target plants.

Key Points

  • To comprehensively evaluate the physiological, cytogenetic, molecular, biochemical, and anatomical toxic effects of environmentally relevant clothianidin concentrations on non-target Allium cepa L.
  • Treated Allium cepa L. with environmentally relevant concentrations of clothianidin (0.10, 0.67, and 20.0 µg/L) alongside a control group.
  • Assessed growth parameters, mitotic activity, chromosomal abnormalities, DNA damage (tail DNA percentage), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes), photosynthetic pigments, and anatomical changes.
  • Clothianidin reduced germination from 100% to 60%, root elongation from 9.66 to 2.45 cm, weight gain from +9.10 to +3.40 g, and mitotic index from 8.82% to 6.35%.
  • Genotoxicity increased significantly, with tail DNA percentages rising from 3.30% in controls to 60.2% at 20.0 µg/L alongside elevated chromosomal abnormalities and micronuclei.
  • Oxidative stress was evident through increased malondialdehyde (2.13 to 10.6 µM/g FW), elevated superoxide dismutase (53.1 to 125 U/mg FW) and catalase (0.47 to 1.17 OD 240nm/min/g FW), and reductions in chlorophyll a (60%) and b (68%).

Cite This Study

Yılmaz et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a817a91f2fb91fc834ae8achttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67159-9
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Also Consider

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  3. 3Chlorination of Clothianidin During Disinfection: Kinetics, Pathways, and Toxicity2026
  4. 4Insights into the toxic effects of moxifloxacin in Allium cepa through multiparametric experimental and in silico analyses2026
  5. 5Effect of the insecticide clothianidin on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in pea2024 · 3 citations