Muscle contraction as a Markov Process - II: x-ray interference data (M3 & M6 reflections) imply myosin cross-bridge motions are controlled by structural transitions along actin filaments

The unit underlying the construction and functioning of muscle fibers is the sarcomere. Tension develops in fibers as thousands of sarcomeres arranged in series contract in unison. Shortening is due to the sliding of actin thin filaments along antiparallel arrays of myosin thick filaments. Remarkably, myosin catalytic heads situated across the center M-line of a sarcomere are separated by a distance that is a half integral of the 14.5 nm spacing between successive layers of myosin heads on the thick filaments. This results in the splitting of the 14.5 nm meridional reflection in X-ray diffraction patterns of muscle fibers. Following a quick drop in tension, changes in the relative intensities of the split meridional peaks provide a sensitive measure of myosin head movements. We use published data obtained with the x-ray interference method to validate a theory of muscle contraction in which cooperative structural transitions along force-generating actin filaments regulate the binding of myosin heads. The probability that an actin-bound myosin head will detach is represented here by a statistical function that yields a length-tension curve consistent with classical descriptions of the recovery of contracting muscle fibers subjected to millisecond drops in tension.