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Case report reports local anesthetic systemic toxicity requiring ECMO in an infant after intrathecal bupivacaine, highlighting severe pediatric regional anesthesia risks.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. Figure S1: Patient heart rate over time. “Time zero” is the time at which intrathecal bupivacaine was administered. Data was collected every half minute because the patient had two pulse oximeters. Figure S2: Spinal epidural hematoma on spinal ultrasound at the L2-L3 interspace. Image obtained 8 h after anticoagulation for ECMO cannulation. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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Baskin et al. (2026) studied this question.
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