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August 24, 2026Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Molecular signatures of amoxicillin phytotoxicity revealed by integrated cytogenetic, biochemical, and molecular docking analyses

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İGİlknur GünerKÇKültiğin ÇavuşoğluEYEmine Yalçın

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Overview

Experimental toxicological study demonstrates that amoxicillin induces genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Allium cepa, suggesting significant environmental risks to non-target plant species.

Key Points

  • To investigate the genotoxic, biochemical, and oxidative stress-inducing mechanisms of environmentally relevant amoxicillin concentrations in Allium cepa meristematic cells.
  • Germinated Allium cepa bulbs across four experimental arms: a tap water control and three amoxicillin concentrations (36, 71, and 142 µg/L).
  • Measured cytogenetic parameters (mitotic index, micronucleus frequency, chromosomal aberrations), DNA integrity via Comet assay, and biochemical markers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and chlorophyll a/b).
  • Performed molecular docking simulations to assess amoxicillin interactions with DNA, tubulin, topoisomerases, and chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes.
  • Amoxicillin exposure significantly suppressed cell division, yielding decreased mitotic index and elevated frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities and micronuclei.
  • Treatment induced oxidative damage, marked by elevated malondialdehyde levels, enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and depleted chlorophyll a and b contents.
  • Comet assays revealed concentration-dependent DNA damage with increased tail DNA percentage, supported by molecular docking showing binding affinities to DNA and key metabolic enzymes.

Cite This Study

Güner et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8c005bbca056c88e6df07ehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67415-y
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Genotoxic and oxidative stress responses induced by amoxicillin in milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)2026
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  4. 4Recurrent Exposure to Amoxicillin Impairs Male Reproductive Function by Enhancing Oxidative Stress and DNA Fragmentation in the Testis of Swiss Albino Mice2025 · 1 citations
  5. 5Multi-endpoint toxicological assessment of nifuroxazide through experimental and molecular docking analyses2026