Key result
African American and male adolescents exhibited higher baseline levels and greater stress-induced increases in blood pressure, TPRI, and endothelin-1 than European Americans and females.
Why the study?
Do ethnicity and sex influence plasma ET-1 release and hemodynamic reactivity during acute stress in adolescents?
Observational (n=222)
Do ethnicity and sex influence plasma ET-1 release and hemodynamic reactivity during acute stress in adolescents?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
African American and male adolescents demonstrate greater endothelin-1 release and vasoconstrictive reactivity to acute stress, which may contribute to demographic disparities in cardiovascular disease prevalence.
OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to examine possible ethnic and sex differences in plasma ET-1 levels at rest and in response to acute stress and to examine relationships between ET-1 and vasoconstrictive-mediated BP reactivity to stress. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-two adolescents (mean age = 18.5 +/- 2.8 years; 130 [70 males] EAs and 92 [48 males] AAs) completed two stressors (video game, forehead cold). Hemodynamic measures and blood samples were collected at catheter insertion and before and immediately after the two stressors, separated by 20-minute rest periods. RESULTS: AAs and males exhibited higher levels of SBP and DBP and of TPRI and ET-1 at each sampling point compared with EAs and females, respectively (p values <.001). AAs and males exhibited greater increases in SBP, TPRI, and ET-1 in response to each stressor (p values <.05). Intraindividual correlations between ET-1 and hemodynamic parameters revealed that most individuals exhibited a positive association between ET-1, BP, and TPRI. However, some individuals exhibited a negative association between ET-1 and the above-mentioned hemodynamics, suggesting a compensatory vasodilation mechanism. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate significant sex and ethnicity differences in stress-induced vasoconstrictive peptide release and support the hypothesis that these differences may be important in explaining the ethnicity and sex differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease.
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Frank A. Treiber (2002) reported an observational. Acute stress, African American ethnicity, and male sex vs. Rest, European American ethnicity, and female sex was evaluated on Plasma ET-1 levels and hemodynamic measures (SBP, DBP, TPRI) at rest and in response to acute stress (p=<.05). African American and male adolescents exhibited higher baseline levels and greater stress-induced increases in blood pressure, TPRI, and endothelin-1 than European Americans and females.
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