What does this research mean for the field?

An optimized topical gel formulation incorporating ciprofloxacin-loaded microspheres provides a physically stable, sustained-release delivery system with high entrapment efficiency and 93.95% cumulative drug release at 60 minutes. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To formulate and evaluate ciprofloxacin-loaded microspheres embedded within a topical gel system to achieve controlled and sustained antibacterial drug delivery for skin infections.

August 29, 2026Open Access

Formulation and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Microspheres Incorporated Gel

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Authors

AIAmbiga Kannan, MohanKumar Krishnan, Naveenkumar Anbalagan, Santhakumar Ramachandran, Vishnu Kesavan, Viveka Kumaravel, Gokulakrishnan Shanmugam, Dr.Kumbakonam Balachandhran IlangoTamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University

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Implication

Laboratory formulation study reveals enhanced sustained release of ciprofloxacin microspheres in topical gel, indicating a promising approach for treating bacterial skin infections.

Key Points

To formulate and evaluate ciprofloxacin-loaded microspheres embedded within a topical gel system to achieve controlled and sustained antibacterial drug delivery for skin infections.
Prepared ciprofloxacin microspheres and evaluated particle size distribution with dynamic light scattering, surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy, surface charge using zeta potential, and compatibility through FTIR spectroscopy.
Formulated five distinct topical gel preparations (F1–F5) containing the microspheres and assessed pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, washability, in vitro drug release, and stability under long-term and accelerated conditions.
Microspheres exhibited a narrow particle size distribution between 1 and 1.5 micrometres, negative surface charge, 96.22% drug entrapment efficiency, 86.2% percentage yield, and 96.22% drug content.
Formulation F2 was optimized with superior spreadability, optimal pH of 7.3, high stability, and the greatest cumulative drug release of approximately 93.95% at 60 minutes.

Cite This Study

Ambiga Kannan, MohanKumar Krishnan, Naveenkumar Anbalagan, Santhakumar Ramachandran, Vishnu Kesavan, Viveka Kumaravel, Gokulakrishnan Shanmugam, Dr.Kumbakonam Balachandhran Ilango (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9299958e5d7d1fc0c11985 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22125101

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Implication

Laboratory formulation study reveals enhanced sustained release of ciprofloxacin microspheres in topical gel, indicating a promising approach for treating bacterial skin infections.

Formulation and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Microspheres Incorporated Gel

Discussion

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Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Formulation and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Microspheres Incorporated Gel

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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