What does this research mean for the field?

Incorporating ciprofloxacin-loaded microspheres into a topical gel system achieves high entrapment efficiency, optimal physical stability, and sustained drug release, overcoming the limitations of conventional topical formulations. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To formulate and evaluate ciprofloxacin-loaded microspheres incorporated into a topical gel system to achieve sustained drug release and extended residence time for treating bacterial skin infections.

August 29, 2026Open Access

Formulation and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Microspheres Incorporated Gel

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Authors

AIAmbiga Kannan, MohanKumar Krishnan, Naveenkumar Anbalagan, Santhakumar Ramachandran, Vishnu Kesavan, Viveka Kumaravel, Gokulakrishnan Shanmugam, Dr.Kumbakonam Balachandhran IlangoTamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University

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Implication

In vitro laboratory study demonstrates controlled release and high stability of ciprofloxacin microsphere gel, indicating improved topical treatment for bacterial skin infections.

Key Points

To formulate and evaluate ciprofloxacin-loaded microspheres incorporated into a topical gel system to achieve sustained drug release and extended residence time for treating bacterial skin infections.
Fabricated ciprofloxacin-loaded microspheres and evaluated morphology, particle size distribution (DLS), zeta potential, and chemical compatibility (FTIR).
Formulated five topical gels (F1–F5) integrating the microspheres and characterized their spreadability, extrudability, washability, pH, viscosity, in vitro drug release, and stability under long-term and accelerated conditions.
Microspheres exhibited a narrow particle size distribution of 1–1.5 µm, an entrapment efficiency of 96.22%, a percentage yield of 86.2%, and a drug content of 96.22% with no drug-excipient incompatibility.
Gel formulation F2 achieved the highest cumulative drug release of approximately 93.95% at 60 minutes with optimal pH (7.3), superior spreadability, and confirmed physical stability under accelerated storage.

Cite This Study

Ambiga Kannan, MohanKumar Krishnan, Naveenkumar Anbalagan, Santhakumar Ramachandran, Vishnu Kesavan, Viveka Kumaravel, Gokulakrishnan Shanmugam, Dr.Kumbakonam Balachandhran Ilango (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a92be7b8e5d7d1fc0c122ce https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22125100

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Implication

In vitro laboratory study demonstrates controlled release and high stability of ciprofloxacin microsphere gel, indicating improved topical treatment for bacterial skin infections.

Formulation and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Microspheres Incorporated Gel

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Formulation and Characterization of Ciprofloxacin Microspheres Incorporated Gel

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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