Key result
Non-invasive diagnostic imaging successfully identified isolated cardiac leukemia relapse presenting as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a 14-year-old female after stem cell transplantation.
Case Report (n=1)
Non-invasive imaging can be valuable in detecting rare cardiac relapse of leukemia presenting as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in post-transplant patients.
May raise suspicion for cardiac leukemia relapse in post-transplant HCM; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation.
We describe a 14-year-old female with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a mediastinal mass at diagnosis who developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) after stem cell transplantation (SCT). During refractory relapse after SCT using bone marrow from her HLA-matched sibling, she underwent whole thorax irradiation because of pleural effusion and a recurrent mediastinal mass. After a second SCT using peripheral blood from the same donor, she developed HC suspected to be related to tacrolimus. However, isolated cardiac relapse was finally diagnosed by several non-invasive imaging techniques. Cardiac irradiation resolved her cardiac failure, though she eventually developed progressive and fatal hematological disease.
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Hori et al. (2005) conducted a case report in Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with cardiac relapse (n=1). Non-invasive diagnostic imaging was evaluated. Non-invasive diagnostic imaging successfully identified isolated cardiac leukemia relapse presenting as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a 14-year-old female after stem cell transplantation.
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