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A bent four-leaf antenna (BeFoL) is considered to generate four reconfigurable beams. For this, one end of the four leaves is excited with the others shorted to the ground plane. The beam direction in the elevation plane is controlled by the size of the ground plane. One technique of directing the beam in the horizontal direction is also presented, where the finite square ground plane is bent. It is found that the front-to-back ratio frequency bandwidth for a 10-dB criterion is approximately 43%. Within this frequency band, the VSWR is less than 2, as desired.
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Nakano et al. (2011) studied this question.
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