FK506-Binding Protein like (FKBPL) Has an Important Role in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Pathogenesis with Potential Diagnostic Utility

Figures

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  Figure 1. H9C2 cardiomyocyte cell size measurements following treatment with (i) Ang-II (100 nM), (ii) AD-01 (100 nM) and (iii) Ang-II (100 nM) + AD-01 (100 nM). (A) Relative nucleus size 24 h after treatments. (B) Relative nucleus size 48 h after treatments. (C) Relative cell size 24 h after treatments. (D) Relative cell size 48 h after treatments. Results expressed as Mean ± SEM (n = 6); One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc; ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001 against control; Ang-II—angiotensin II; AD-01—FKBPL-based therapeutic peptide.

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  Figure 2. H9C2 cardiomyocyte mRNA expression of FKBPL, BNP and ANP following Ang-II and/or AD-01 treatment. H9C2 cells were exposed to treatment groups (i) Ang-II (100 nM), (ii) AD-01 (100 nM) and (iii) Ang-II (100 nM) + AD-01 (100 nM) for 24 or 48 h before RNA lysates were collected and qPCR performed. (A) FKBPL mRNA expression at 24 h; (B) BNP mRNA expression at 24 h; (C) ANP mRNA expression at 24 h; (D) FKBPL mRNA expression at 48 h; (E) BNP mRNA expression at 48 h; (F) ANP mRNA expression at 48 h. Results expressed as Mean ± SEM (n ≥ 4), One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc. * p < 0.05. Ang-II—angiotensin II; AD-01—FKBPL-based therapeutic peptide.

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  Figure 3. FKBPL protein expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes following Ang-II and/or AD-01 treatment. H9C2 cells were exposed to treatment groups (i) Ang-II (100 nM), (ii) AD-01 (100 nM) and (iii) Ang-II (100 nM) + AD-01(100 nM) for 48 h. Relative FKBPL expression was measured. Results expressed as Mean ± SEM (n = 3); One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc; * p < 0.05 against control; # p < 0.05 against Ang-II group. Ang-II—angiotensin II; AD-01—FKBPL-based therapeutic peptide.

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  Figure 4. FKBPL plasma protein concentrations in patients with HFpEF. Patients were divided into subgroups based on HFpEF symptoms: HCM (n = 15), chronic HFpEF (n = 9) and acute decompensated HFpEF (n = 9). (A) FKBPL plasma concentration of combined HFpEF subgroups compared to controls (n = 40). (B) FKBPL plasma concentration within HFpEF subgroups, compared to controls. Results expressed as Mean ± SD; One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005. HCM—hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HFpEF—chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; AD-HFpEF—acute decompensated HFpEF.

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  Figure 5. Biomarker plasma protein concentrations in subgroups of HFpEF. Patients were divided into subgroups based on HFpEF symptoms, HCM (n = 15), chronic HFpEF (n = 9) or acute decompensated HFpEF (n = 9). (A) NT-proBNP plasma concentration of HFpEF subgroups measured by ELISA. (B) FKBPL plasma concentration of HFpEF subgroups measured by ELISA. (C) Gal-3 plasma concentration of HFpEF subgroups measured by ELISA. Results expressed as Mean ± SEM, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc. HCM—hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HFpEF—chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; AD-HFpEF—acute decompensated HFpEF.