Key result
Enhanced passive surveillance detects African Swine Fever early, reducing the high-risk period to ~2 weeks.
Why the study?
African swine fever outbreaks in domestic pig holdings in wild boar infected areas required investigation to estimate the high risk period and virus spread within large commercial farms.
Case Report (n=22,000)
Enhanced passive surveillance is crucial for early detection of African swine fever in large commercial pig farms, where the virus may spread slowly.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May aid early ASF control in swine herds; leaves open prospective validation across settings.
African swine fever (ASF) was first detected in Latvia in wild boar at the Eastern border in June 2014. Since then ASF has continued to spread in wild boar populations covering almost whole territory of the country. Sporadic outbreaks occurred at the same time in domestic pig holdings located in wild boar infected areas. Here we present the results of the epidemiological investigation in two large commercial farms. Several parameters were analyzed to determine the high risk period (HRP) and to investigate the ASF virus spread within the farm. Clinical data, mortality rates and laboratory results proved to be good indicators for estimating the HRP. The measures for early disease detection, particularly the enhanced passive surveillance that is targeting dead and sick pigs, were analyzed and discussed. Enhanced passive surveillance proved to be a key element to detect ASF at an early stage. The study also showed that ASF virus might spread slowly within a large farm depending mainly on direct contacts between pigs and the level of internal biosecurity. Findings suggest improvements in outbreak prevention, control measures and may contribute to a better understanding of ASF spreading patterns within large pig herds. Culling of all pigs in large commercial farms could be reconsidered under certain conditions.
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Lamberga et al. (2020) conducted a case report in African Swine Fever (n=22,000). Enhanced passive surveillance vs. Standard surveillance was evaluated on High risk period (HRP) and early detection of African Swine Fever. Enhanced passive surveillance targeting dead and sick pigs effectively detected African Swine Fever at an early stage, reducing the estimated high risk period to approximately two weeks.
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