Diagnostic Value of Cellular Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

Type 2 diabetes and obesity are common metabolic disorders that are accompanied by the development of cellular stress and endothelial dysfunction. These processes play a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications characteristic of these diseases. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the study of biomarkers reflecting the state of cellular stress and endothelial function, such as markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Their diagnostic value allows not only to assess the degree of damage to cells and blood vessels, but also to predict the risk of complications. The aim of this study was to identify the significance of markers of cellular stress and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight for their use in predicting possible complications and developing individual treatment strategies. The material for the study was the data from a survey of 158 people who sought medical help at the VOKB No. 1 Medical Center. The participants were divided into three groups: the first (conditionally healthy) included 30 people, the second (patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity) consisted of 56 people, the third (patients with type 2 diabetes without obesity) included 72 people. During the study, an anthropometric examination was performed, as well as the measurement of the following indicators: total cholesterol, markers of endothelial dysfunction (ADMA, Hf-CRP), chaperone levels (BTSH 70, BTSH 27). The study showed that patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity have more serious metabolic disorders, increased levels of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Their total cholesterol levels are elevated, whereas in diabetic patients without obesity and healthy people, this indicator is normal. Elevated ADMA levels indicate serious vascular disorders. Obesity in diabetic patients is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications, which is confirmed by an increased level of inflammatory markers (Hf-CRP, BTSH 70, BTSH 27). The results emphasize the expediency of evaluating these markers for the development of effective methods of treatment and prevention of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.