Results of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Using New Drugs and Cellular Technologies

The detection of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis cases has become a major public health problem and an obstacle to effective global tuberculosis control. We have set the task to improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant and extensively drugresistant tuberculosis using new drugs and developed chemotherapy regimens, as well as cellular technologies as a method of additive therapy. Based on the cohort analysis, the effectiveness of treatment was assessed using new and re-profiled antituberculosis drugs, including Bedaquiline and Delamanid. A method of autologous transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells was developed, which was included into the complex therapy of patients. Preliminary results of the conducted studies testify to the high effectiveness of new antituberculosis treatment regimens. Autologous transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells against the background of individualized chemotherapy speeds up the conversion of sputum and ultimately significantly improves the final results of treatment of patient. Despite the fact that cellular technologies in the treatment of tuberculosis are not widely used at present, these methods aimed at eliminating the causative agent of tuberculosis and the regeneration of damaged lung tissue will be in great demand in the future, primarily because of the significant advantage compared with the use of antituberculosis drugs means – the absence of development of resistance of mycobacteria tuberculosis.