Fairness in sentencing perpetrators of corruption is determined not only by the severity of punishment but also by the proportionality of sanctions to the degree of culpability, the characteristics of the offense, and the resulting harm. Although Law Number 31 of 1999, as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001, establishes the legal framework for the liability and punishment of corruption offenders, its implementation continues to face challenges concerning sentencing disparities, the consistency of judicial reasoning, and the recovery of state financial losses. This study aims to analyze the imposition of criminal sanctions on corruption offenders from the perspective of justice. It employs normative legal research using the statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through an examination of relevant legislation, theories of justice, and judicial reasoning. The findings indicate that the existing legal framework provides a basis for punishing corruption offenders; however, achieving fairness requires greater consistency in determining sanctions, well-reasoned and accountable judicial decisions, and the optimization of additional penalties to support the recovery of state financial losses. This study concludes that fair sentencing must integrate proportionality of punishment, legal certainty, and the recovery of state financial losses in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. ABSTRAK Keadilan dalam penjatuhan pidana korupsi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh beratnya hukuman, tetapi juga oleh kesesuaian sanksi dengan tingkat kesalahan, karakteristik perbuatan, dan dampak yang ditimbulkan. Meskipun Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 telah mengatur pertanggungjawaban dan sanksi bagi pelaku korupsi, penerapannya masih menghadapi persoalan terkait perbedaan putusan, konsistensi pertimbangan hakim, dan pemulihan kerugian keuangan negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi berdasarkan prinsip keadilan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), konseptual (conceptual approach), dan kasus (case approach). Bahan hukum dikaji secara kualitatif melalui penelaahan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, konsep keadilan, dan pertimbangan hakim yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka hukum telah menyediakan dasar bagi pemidanaan pelaku korupsi, tetapi penerapan keadilan memerlukan konsistensi dalam menentukan sanksi, argumentasi putusan yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, serta optimalisasi pidana tambahan untuk mendukung pengembalian kerugian negara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemidanaan yang berkeadilan harus mengintegrasikan proporsionalitas hukuman, kepastian hukum, dan pemulihan kerugian negara sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku.
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Irfan Hidayat (2026) studied this question.
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