Impact of Glycemic Control on Vascular Parameters in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

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Purpose: To evaluate the impact of glycemic control on carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and carotid strain in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to compare these vascular parameters between children with T1D and controls. Patients and methods: The study was conducted in pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinics in El-Mounira children’s hospital, Cairo University in the period between May 2024 till August 2025. The study included fifty patients diagnosed with T1D in addition to twenty-five age and sex matched controls. The patients with T1D were divided according to HBA1C into two groups: a well-controlled group with T1D (HBA1C 7 or less) and poorly controlled group with T1D (HBA1C more than 7). All patients underwent carotid doppler. Carotid intima media thickness and carotid strain were measured. Results: There was statistically significant difference in CIMT and carotid strain between the group with T1D and control group. There was a significant correlation between HBA1C and carotid intima media thickness. There was a significant negative correlation between duration of diabetes and carotid strain. Conclusion: Carotid doppler is recommended for predicting early vascular changes in children with type 1 diabetes.