Classical and Contemporary Perspectives on Shigru (Moringa Oleifera): From Ancient Ayurvedic Test to Modern Therapeutic Applications

Moringa oleifera, commonly referred to as the horseradish tree, is widely distributed across the tropics and also goes by a number of regional names, Benzolive, Drumstick tree, “Miracle tree”, Kelor and Sajna. The leaves, seeds, bark and flowers of Moringa oleifera are widely used in traditional medicine, while the leaves and immature seed pods are used in food products as part of human nutrition. Moringa oleifera is a member of the family Moringaceae. It is a fast-growing, deciduous tree, with a slender, softwood trunk and an open, umbrella-shaped crown. The plant bears delicate, tripinnate leaves that give it a feathery appearance, together with fragrant, creamy-white flowers in loose panicles. Moringa oleifera include vitamins A, C and E, and minerals like calcium, potassium and iron. It is rich in bioactive phytochemicals, which include flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol) and the phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic acids). The plant also contains glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, alkaloids, tannins, Saponins, tannins, and sterols. These seeds contain coagulant proteins and a high content of oleic acid. Moringa oleifera includes antioxidant and antimicrobial activities resulting from a rich phytochemical profile. It has significant antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and cardioprotective effects, which help in maintaining blood glucose and blood pressure. The extracts are also used for wound healing, immune boosting, and gastrointestinal health, supporting the broad therapeutic applications.