Heart Failure
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction therapies
Emerging evidence with 100 primary claims
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Use of a Wearable Defibrillator in Terminating Tachyarrhythmias in Patients at High Risk for Sudden Death:
Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology — Feldman A — Jan 2004
Effect of Thalidomide on Cardiac Remodeling in Chronic Heart Failure
Circulation — Gullestad L — Nov 2005
Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure Score for the Prediction of Mortality in Valvular Heart Disease
ESC Heart Failure — Lv J — Nov 2023
A Call for Telehealth Application for Heart Failure Patients During the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic
ESC Heart Failure — Ramandi M — May 2021
Atorvastatin Therapy Is Associated with Reduced Levels of N‐terminal Prohormone Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Improved Cardiac Function in Patients with Heart Failure
Clinical Cardiology — Stypmann J — Oct 2008
Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels Predict Discharge and Readmission for Heart Failure
Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers — Wu G — May 2016
The Predictive Ability of MAGGIC Score After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Comparative Study
Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery — Özcan S — Jan 2023
Diuretic Action of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Its Importance in the Management of Heart Failure
Circulation Journal — Kimura G — Jan 2016
Biventricular Pacing via a Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: Report of Four Cases
Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology — Gasparini M — Jan 2003
Trans-septal left ventricular endocardial pacing through a persistent left-sided superior vena cava
EP Europace — Scott P — Sep 2009
Aerobic exercise prescription in patients with chronic heart failure
Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine — Carvalho V — Aug 2012
High fitness levels attenuate the increased risk of heart failure due to low socioeconomic status: A cohort study
European Journal of Clinical Investigation — Kunutsor S — Jan 2022
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HFrEF treatment (also known as HFrEF, systolic heart failure, reduced EF heart failure). Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction therapies
As of 2026-09-10, the scientific consensus on HFrEF treatment is emerging. Emerging evidence with 100 primary claims Based on 100 analyzed claims across Synapse's enriched corpus, the evidence shows.
Major professional bodies have published 4 guideline recommendations on HFrEF treatment. The most-cited include: Class I, Level A: In patients with HFrEF and NYHA class II to III symptoms, the use of ARNi is recommended to reduce morbidity and mortality; Class I, Level A: In patients with HFrEF, with current or previous symptoms, use of 1 of the 3 beta blockers proven to reduce mortality (e.g., bisoprolol, carvedilol, sustained-release metoprolol succinate) is recommended to reduce mortality and hospitalizations; Class I, Level A: In patients with HFrEF and NYHA class II to IV symptoms, an MRA (spironolactone or eplerenone) is recommended to reduce morbidity and mortality, if eGFR is >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum potassium is <5.0 mEq/L; Class I, Level A: In patients with symptomatic chronic HFrEF, SGLT2i are recommended to reduce hospitalization for HF and cardiovascular mortality, irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes.
This evidence brief synthesizes Synapse's enriched cardiology corpus; cite as synapsesocial.com/topics/hfref-treatment.
Deterministic synthesis from Synapse's enriched corpus — 206 words. No AI-generated novel content; every figure is sourced from the underlying paper, guideline, or trial record linked on this page.
In patients with HFrEF and NYHA class II to III symptoms, the use of ARNi is recommended to reduce morbidity and mortality.
In patients with HFrEF, with current or previous symptoms, use of 1 of the 3 beta blockers proven to reduce mortality (e.g., bisoprolol, carvedilol, sustained-release metoprolol succinate) is recommended to reduce mortality and hospitalizations.
In patients with HFrEF and NYHA class II to IV symptoms, an MRA (spironolactone or eplerenone) is recommended to reduce morbidity and mortality, if eGFR is >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum potassium is <5.0 mEq/L.
In patients with symptomatic chronic HFrEF, SGLT2i are recommended to reduce hospitalization for HF and cardiovascular mortality, irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes.
Explore every HFrEF treatment paper on Synapse with AI-enriched clinical evidence, PICO analysis, and methodology classification.
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“Statin therapy significantly reduces cardiovascular events in individuals with elevated hs-CRP levels.”
“Transcatheter repair for severe tricuspid regurgitation shows long-term benefits, reducing heart failure hospitalizations by 44%.”
“Increased focus on GLP-1 therapies in managing heart failure.”