Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and With Reduced Ejection Fraction According to the Prognostic Nutritional Index: Findings From PARADIGM‐HF and PARAGON‐HF

Figures

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  Figure 1. Kaplan–Meier curves for clinical outcomes according to the baseline PNI score in patients with HFpEF. A, Cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization; (B) First HF hospitalization; (C) Cardiovascular death; (D) All‐cause death. Lower quartile=lower PNI score (worse nutrition). HF indicates heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; and PNI, prognostic nutritional index.

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  Figure 2. Kaplan–Meier curves for clinical outcomes according to the baseline PNI score in patients with HFrEF. A, Cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization; (B) First HF hospitalization; (C) Cardiovascular death; (D) All‐cause death. Lower quartile=lower PNI score (worse nutrition). HF indicates heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; and PNI, prognostic nutritional index.

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  Figure 3. Hazard ratios for each clinical outcome according to baseline PNI with reference to the population median score (52.1) in HFpEF. A, Cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization; (B) First HF hospitalization; (C) Cardiovasculardeath; (D) All‐cause death. The adjusted model (red) includes additional adjustments for treatment, age, sex, region, New York Heart Association class, prior HF hospitalization, HF cause, diabetes, history of atrial fibrillation, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate, N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide, ejection fraction, body mass index. Lower PNI score=worse nutrition. The shaded area represents the 95% CI. HF indicates heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; and PNI, prognostic nutritional index.

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  Figure 4. Hazard ratios for each clinical outcome according to baseline PNI with reference to the population median score (51.9) in HFrEF. A, Cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization; (B) First HF hospitalization; (C) Cardiovascular death; (D) All‐cause death. The adjusted model (red) includes additional adjustments for treatment, age, sex, region, New York Heart Association class, prior heart failure hospitalization, HF cause, diabetes, history of atrial fibrillation, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, estimated glomerular filtration rate, N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide, ejection fraction, body mass index. The shaded area represents the 95% CI. Lower PNI score=worse nutrition. HF indicates heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; and PNI, prognostic nutritional index.

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  Figure 5. Effect of sacubitril/valsartan versus valsartan on clinical outcomes across the range of PNI in HFpEF. A, Cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization; (B) First HF hospitalization; (C) Cardiovascular death; (D) All‐cause death. HF indicates heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; and PNI, prognostic nutritional index.

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  Figure 6. Effect of sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril on clinical outcomes across the range of PNI scores in HFrEF. A, Cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization; (B) First HF hospitalization; (C) Cardiovascular death; (D) All‐cause death. HF indicates heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; and PNI, prognostic nutritional index.