Pulmonary edema in pediatric patients with EV71 brainstem encephalitis was associated with a 64.3% mortality rate, elevated inflammatory cytokines, and lymphocyte depletion.

Wang et al. (2003) conducted an observational in Enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis (n=73). Pulmonary edema vs. Autonomic nervous system dysregulation or isolated brainstem encephalitis was evaluated on Mortality rate. Pulmonary edema in pediatric patients with EV71 brainstem encephalitis was associated with a 64.3% mortality rate, elevated inflammatory cytokines, and lymphocyte depletion.