Cardiac prostheses‐related hemolytic anemia

Figures

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  Figure 1. Severe hemolysis due to paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic and mitral valve replacement. A,B, Paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement before and after percutaneous closure. C,D, Paravalvular leak after TMVR before and after a second procedure to reposition the mitral prosthesis. AV, aortic valve; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; MV, mitral valve; arrows annotate the location of the paravalvular leak

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  Figure 2. Redo surgery for severe hemolysis following failed percutaneous paravalvular leak closure attempt. A, Amplatzer vascular plug in place, but residual leak is present (L). B, Removal of the Amplatzer vascular plug followed by patch repair of the leak. MV, mitral valve, arrows annotate the location of the paravalvular leak

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  Figure 3. An algorithmic approach to a patient with suspected cardiac prosthesis‐related hemolysis. CTA; computed tomography angiogram; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; OAC, oral anticoagulation; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography