Gender-Dependent Associations between Serum Betatrophin Levels and Lipoprotein Subfractions in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Obese Patients

Figures

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  Figure 1. Serum concentrations of betatrophin (a) in all enrolled subjects, (b) in females, and (c) in males. Serum concentrations of betatrophin in females and males in all cohorts (d). Notes: Betatrophin levels were determined from peripheral blood samples via enzyme-linked immunoassay. (a–c): Differences between obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-diabetic obese (NDO), and age- and gender-matched normal-weight controls were calculated using a Kruskal–Wallis H test. Boxes represent 25th–75th percentiles, the 50th percentile (median) is shown as a solid line within the boxes, whiskers represent the minimum and maximum levels, excluding outliers indicated with dots. d: Solid lines represent 50th percentile (median).

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  Figure 2. Data of Pearson’s correlations between main anthropometric and laboratory parameters, lipoprotein subfractions, and betatrophin (a) in all enrolled subjects, (b) in females, and (c) in males. Betatrophin levels were determined from peripheral blood samples via enzyme-linked immunoassay, and lipoprotein subfractions were measured using Lipoprint® gel electrophoresis. Abbreviations HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IDL, intermediate density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very-low density lipoprotein.

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  Figure 3. Pearson’s correlation between mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size and betatrophin (a) in all subjects, (b) in females, and (c) in males. Pearson’s correlation between the proportion of large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction and betatrophin (d) in all subjects, (e) in females, and (f) in males. Pearson’s correlation between the proportion of small HDL subfraction and betatrophin (g) in all subjects, (h) in females, and (i) in males. Notes: Pearson’s correlation was used to investigate the relationship between selected variables. Logarithmic transformation (log10) was carried out before correlation analyses of variables with non-normal distribution. Best fit line is represented with black solid line and 95 % confidence interval is represented with black dotted lines.