Hubungan Paparan Kebisingan Mesin Perahu Motor dengan Kejadian Noise Induced Hearing Loss Pada Nelayan di Desa Kuala Bubon, Kabupaten Aceh Barat

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a sensorineural hearing loss that occurs due to noise exposure. Fishermen are a group of informal workers who are at high risk of experiencing NIHL due to motorboat engine noise. Based on the results of initial observations on fishermen in Kuala Bubon Village, most fishermen do not use Ear Protection Equipment (EPE), and often experience tinnitus and difficulty sleeping. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between exposure to motorboat engine noise and the incidence of NIHL in fishermen in Kuala Bubon Village. This type of research was quantitative observational with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 51 marine fishermen with a total sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires, audiometric examinations, blood pressure examinations and noise intensity measurements using a Sound Level Meter. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test and ANOVA test. The results showed that 38 fishermen (74.5%) experienced NIHL. The average intensity of motorboat engine noise was 95 dBA, which exceeds the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for noise. The statistical analysis showed a significant association between exposure duration and hearing loss in the right ear (p=0.009) and left ear (p=0.045). Furthermore, there was a significant association between age (p=0.000), length of service (p=0.000), use of hearing protection (p=0.000), and hypertension (p=0.000) with the incidence of NIHL in fishermen. It can be concluded that exposure to motorboat engine noise exceeding the TLV (Natural Absorption Limit) is associated with the incidence of NIHL in fishermen. The longer the duration of noise exposure, the higher the risk of hearing loss. Additionally, age, length of service, use of hearing protection (EPE), and hypertension also play a role in increasing the risk of NIHL. Keywords: Hearing Loss, Fishermen, Noise, Motorboats. ABSTRAK Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) merupakan gangguan pendengaran sensorineural yang terjadi akibat dari paparan kebisingan (noise). Nelayan termasuk kelompok pekerja informal yang berisiko tinggi mengalami NIHL akibat kebsingan mesin perahu motor. Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal pada nelayan di Desa Kuala Bubon, sebagian besar nelayan tidak menggunakan Alat pelindung telinga (APT), serta sering mengalami keluhan tinnitus dan kesulitan tidur. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan paparan kebisingan mesin perahu motor dengan kejadian NIHL pada nelayan di Desa Kuala Bubon. Jenis penelitian yaitu, kuantitatif observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 51 nelayan kelautan dengan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksanaan audiometri, pemeriksaan tekanan darah, dan pengukuran tingkat kebisingan memakai alat Sound Level Meter. Data di analisi secara univariat dan bivariat memakai uji chi-square dan uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 38 nelayan (74,5%) mengalami NIHL. Rata-rata intensitas kebisingan mesin perahu motor sebesar 95 dBA, dimana nilai tersebut melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB) kebisingan. Dari hasil analisis statistik, menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara lama paparan dengan gangguan pendengaran telinga kanan (p=0,009) dan telinga kiri (p=0,045). Selain itu, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara usia (p=0,000), masa kerja (p=0,000), penggunaan Alat pelindung telinga (p=0,000), dan hipertensi (p=0,000) dengan kejadian NIHL pada nelayan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa paparan kebisingan mesin perahu motor yang melebihi NAB berhubungan dengan kejadian NIHL pada nelayan. Semakin lama durasi terpapar bising maka, semakin tinggi risiko terjadinya gangguan pendengaran. Selain itu juga terdapat faktor usia, masa kerja, penggunaan APT dan hipertensi yang ikut berperan dalam meningkatkan resiko terjadinya NIHL. Kata Kunci: Gangguan Pendengaran, Nelayan, Kebisingan, Perahu Motor.