SAE Political Economy · Specialist Paper: A Way Out, a Way Forward / SAE 政治经济学 专论: 离得开,有的选

Several running debates in contemporary political economy have stalled, although every side's arguments carry weight: whether being subject to a master who never interferes still counts as domination; whether extreme wealth should be capped; whether money in politics answers to liberty or to equality; when non-compete clauses may be used; whether platforms should be broken up; whether relief should carry conditions. They stall in two ways. Some stall on "better for whom," and the criterion moves with the standpoint; others stall between two principles. This paper takes the grounds this series has already laid and tries them at these deadlocks, reading both kinds of stalling by structure. What is compared is not who said a thing first, but whether a judgment can be given where things have stalled; where none can be given, the paper says so; where it judges differently from others only because of one of this series' undertakings, it states the undertaking and its cost. Structurally there are two hinges: a way out, being able to leave, is exit in the Base Layer; a way forward, having a choice, is the fork in the Emergence Layer; both are needed, and the ground is that a human being is an end. The normative layer lays down only direction and floor; the lines the rule layer must draw are left to the rule layer. Read from there: a person's own affairs are decided neither by another person nor by a construct; to decide a person's own affairs for him when he can decide them himself is, from a person, the relation of master, and from a construct, a construct's act crossing the line, and the word "master" is not extended to constructs; the normative layer admits that it has a remainder, situations this proposition does not reach are handed to the rule layer, and guardianship is one of them; the remainder yields no permission, and the normative layer's three requirements on such rules (a ground of their own, a scope drawn by the institution, openness to questioning) are necessary but not sufficient. Checks are set beforehand and questioning examines afterward, whatever the intent and whatever the size; no overall cap is set on wealth as such: an institution does not aim at reducing accumulation, the total of wealth is not a state an institution is to sign off as achieved, and what is looked at is how wealth is used. The largest difference from limitarianism lies in which layer equality falls on: this series recognizes equality only in the Base Layer; the Emergence Layer does not seek equality and is not leveled. Those who review do not depend in substance on those they review; how widely "the party reviewed" is drawn depends on how large its power-face is and how bad the actual situation is. A non-compete clause that forbids a direction is allowed no exception; an extra payment beyond what a person already has, which he can actually afford to refuse, is not judged a violation at the normative layer. Whether to break up platforms this paper does not decide; it lays down only four things that any rule must meet, one of them set as a proposition; breakup is the rule layer's last resort. Whether relief carries conditions: whether it can be given without them depends on actual fiscal and administrative capacity, and thickness alone cannot decide it; where conditions are attached, the institution is not judged wrong for the mere fact of having attached them, and whether people were held up is examined by actual effect; meeting the conditions is taken in the wide sense, and caring for family and work in the community should count. The several places that overlap with contemporary literature are registered as they are in §9, with no claim to novelty. The paper has six propositions (E40 to E44, with E41a), each stated at the end of its section and listed together at the end. 当代政治经济学里有几场持续的争论,各方的论证都有分量,却僵住了:一个从不干预的主人,算不算支配;极端的财富,该不该设上限;政治里的钱,以自由还是平等为准;竞业禁止,什么时候可以用;平台要不要拆;救济该不该附条件。僵法有两种:有几场僵在"对谁更有益"上,判据跟着立场移动;另几场僵在两条原则之间。这一篇拿本系列已经立下的根据,到这几处僵局里去试,两种僵法都换成结构去读;比的不是谁先说过,是能不能在僵住的地方下判;下不了判的,照实说;判得与别人不同、只因本系列的一项承担的,写明承担与代价。结构上有两根枢纽:离得开,是基础层的退出;有的选,是涌现层的分叉;两件都要,根据在人是目的。规范层只立方向与底线,规则层要划的线留给规则层。由此读下来:一个人自己的事不由别人决定,也不由构决定;替一个能自己决定的人决定他自己的事,出自人是主人的关系,出自构是构的施为越线,"主人"一词不外推到构;规范层自认有余项,这一条没有说到的处境交规则层,监护是其中一种;余项推不出许可,规范层对这些规的三样要求(有根据,范围由制度划,可以被问)必要而不充分。制衡事前设好,追问事后核,不论用意,不论大小;不给财富本身设一个总的上限:制度不以减少积累为目的,财富的总量不是制度要验收的状态,看的是它怎样用。与限富主义最大的分别在平等落在哪一层:本系列只认基础层的平等,涌现层不求平等,也不拉平。审者不在实质上依赖被审者,"被审的一方"划多宽,看它的权力面有多大、实际情形有多糟。竞业禁止对禁止去向不留例外;对已有之外、实际拒绝得起的额外给付,规范层不判为侵。平台拆不拆,本篇不下判,只立任何规则都要满足的四样,其中一样立成命题;拆分是规则层最后的手段。救济附不附条件:能不能不附,看实际的财政与执行能力,厚薄不能独自决定;附了条件,不因附了条件这一点就判制度做错,是否托住了人照实际核;满足条件取宽义,照护家人与社区里的工作都应算。与当代文献重合的几处,在第九节照实登记,不声称新。全篇六条(E40 至 E44,含 E41a),各节末写出,篇末合列。 Related works Relation Identifier Scheme Resource type Title References 10.5281/zenodo.23874133 DOI Publication / Preprint What an Economy Is Not (SAE Political Economy, Prequel) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874138 DOI Publication / Preprint Accumulation (SAE Political Economy, Paper 1) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874140 DOI Publication / Preprint Chokepoints (SAE Political Economy, Paper 2) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874142 DOI Publication / Preprint Checks (SAE Political Economy, Paper 3) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874146 DOI Publication / Preprint Conversion (SAE Political Economy, Paper 4) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874150 DOI Publication / Preprint Growth (SAE Political Economy, Paper 5) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874154 DOI Publication / Preprint Support (SAE Political Economy, Paper 6) References 10.5281/zenodo.23874158 DOI Publication / Preprint Political Economy and the Tradition: Accumulated Power (SAE Political Economy, Paper 0) References 10.5281/zenodo.21093939 DOI Publication / Preprint The Interface and Transformation between Recognition-Based Rights and Power (SAE Rights Theory, Paper 4) References 10.5281/zenodo.21212595 DOI Publication / Preprint On the Limitation and Violation of Basic Rights (SAE Rights Theory, Paper 5) References 10.5281/zenodo.21252863 DOI Publication / Preprint On the Cultivation and Diachronic Unfolding of Rights (SAE Rights Theory, Paper 6) References 10.5281/zenodo.23270384 DOI Publication / Preprint Not Crossing the Line (SAE Institution Theory, Paper 2) References 10.5281/zenodo.23271324 DOI Publication / Preprint Open to Questioning (SAE Institution Theory, Paper 6) References 10.5281/zenodo.19037566 DOI Publication / Preprint One's Own Law: The SAE Critique of Ethics and Morality (SAE Applied Paper A16) References 10.5281/zenodo.19657439 DOI Publication / Preprint Via Rho: The Way of the Remainder (SAE Methodology 00)