ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC
Key result
The 2012 ESC Guidelines establish updated evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and clinical management of acute and chronic heart failure.
Authors
Discussion
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Member takes
Implication
Updates HF management recommendations; leaves open prospective validation in contemporary cohorts.
Key Points
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Cite This Study
Members et al. (2012) studied this question. The 2012 ESC Guidelines establish updated evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and clinical management of acute and chronic heart failure.