Population
100 patients with chronic congestive heart failure caused by various underlying diseases.
Design
Cohort
Authors
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Urinary norepinephrine tracks HF severity; hypothesis-generating for biomarker utility, needs prospective validation before clinical use.
Urinary catecholamine excretion, particularly norepinephrine, increases with heart failure severity, highlighting the compensatory role of the sympathetic nervous system in chronic congestive heart failure.
HIROSHI YASUl (1968) studied this question.
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